Cusco is recognized as the oldest continuously inhabited city in the western hemisphere, holding immense historical significance. For the Incas and the millions under their rule, Cusco was not merely a capital; it was a Holy City, a pilgrimage site as revered by the Quechuas as Mecca is by Muslims. Every high-ranking citizen in the empire aspired to visit Cusco at least once in their lifetime, a journey that elevated their status wherever they traveled.

In Inca mythology, the Sun god sent his son, Manco Capac, and the Moon goddess sent her daughter, Mama Ocllo, to bring civilization and enlightenment to the primitive lands. Emerging from Lake Titicaca, they journeyed in search of a place to establish their kingdom. Upon reaching what is now Cusco, Manco Capac tested the land by driving a golden staff into the ground, which sank deeply into the fertile soil, signaling that this was the right spot to establish their capital. They named it Cusco, meaning “navel of the earth.” This marked the beginning of Cusco’s significance, a status that would endure for centuries.

The layout of Cusco remains much as it was in Inca times. The Incas designed their capital in the shape of a puma, with the river as its spine, Sacsayhuaman as the head, and the main city center as the body. Today, nearly every central street preserves remnants of Inca walls, arches, and doorways. The Inca stonework, characterized by its upward tapering design and precisely inclined walls, can still be seen forming the foundations of more modern buildings. Each stone’s edges and corners are carefully rounded, a testament to the Incas’ architectural prowess.

Cusco is celebrated as the archaeological capital of the Americas and offers something for everyone. A variety of museums, religious sites, and historical landmarks will captivate you as long as you’re willing to explore. For those seeking entertainment, fine dining, excellent coffee, and unique shopping experiences, Cusco is the place to be.

Things to See in Cusco

  1. Plaza de Armas: Once double its current size during Inca times, this plaza was the heart of Inca Cusco and continues to be the center of modern-day Cusco. It’s surrounded by colonial arcades, cathedrals, and Inca walls. The Peruvian flag and the rainbow-colored flag of Tahuantinsuyo, representing the four quarters of the Inca empire, both fly here. Numerous cobblestone pathways extend from the plaza, leading to intriguing sites around the city.
  2. La Catedral: Construction of this cathedral began in 1559 and took nearly a century to complete. It stands as Cusco’s main church and one of the city’s greatest collections of colonial art, with many paintings from the Cusco school of painting. The elaborate and ornate cathedral offers a glimpse into the city’s colonial past.
  3. La Compañia: Located on the Plaza de Armas, this church is often illuminated at night and can even be seen from Machu Picchu after dark, offering a stunning view. Built by the Jesuits starting in 1571, it was intended to be the most impressive church in Cusco. However, the bishop of Cusco objected to its grandeur, fearing it might outshine the cathedral. Despite this, by the time word of the pope’s decision in favor of the cathedral reached Cusco, La Compañia was nearly complete.
  4. Inca Ruins in Cusco: While many Inca ruins in Cusco have been incorporated into colonial or modern buildings, their walls remain visible. The most significant ruin within Cusco is Coricancha, which serves as the foundation for the colonial church of Santo Domingo. Once the richest temple of the Inca empire, Coricancha was covered in gold before being looted by the conquistadors. Today, only the stonework remains, a reminder of the temple’s former glory.
  5. Inca Walls: Scattered throughout Cusco, these walls are not tourist attractions in themselves, but they are no less impressive. They are visible throughout the city center, showcasing the incredible craftsmanship of the Inca builders.
  6. Sacsayhuaman: This massive ruin, perched on a hill overlooking Cusco, is the most awe-inspiring in the area. Its precise purpose remains uncertain, but most agree it held significant religious and military importance. The site is also famous for being the location of one of the fiercest battles between the Incas and the Spanish conquistadors. The fortress’s zigzagging walls form the teeth of the ‘puma,’ with stones weighing up to 300 tons.
  7. Museums:
    • Museo Arqueológico Q’orikancha: Located underground in front of the Church of Santo Domingo, this small museum on Avenida del Sol offers archaeological exhibits that explore both Inca and pre-Inca cultures.
    • Museo de Historia Regional: Situated in the colonial Casa Garcilaso de la Vega, this museum was once the home of the Inca historian, who is buried in the cathedral. Its collection is arranged chronologically, featuring artifacts from various pre-Inca and Inca cultures.
    • Museo Palacio Municipal: A small museum that showcases a collection of local modern art, it’s worth a visit for those interested in contemporary artistic expressions.

Popular Restaurants

Cusco offers a diverse selection of restaurants to suit every taste and budget.

  • Kusikuy: Known for its variety of Peruvian and international dishes.
  • Pucara: Offers good food with menus featuring photographs, making it easy for non-Spanish speakers to order.
  • Govinda Vegetarian Restaurant: Highly recommended for its excellent vegetarian cuisine.
  • Inka Grill: Popular for its high-quality food and outstanding service.
  • Los Perros: A favorite among the Active Adventures South America team, praised for its fantastic food and exceptional service.